A major UK study involving The Christie has provided the clearest picture yet of the risk of blood clots following penile cancer surgery.
Published in BJU International, the study reviewed national NHS data from 4,310 patients who underwent penile cancer surgery between 2015 and 2024. It is the first large UK study to look specifically at venous thromboembolism, or VTE, after this type of surgery. VTE includes blood clots in the legs, known as deep vein thrombosis, and clots that travel to the lungs, known as pulmonary embolism.
The researchers found that, although the overall risk was low, blood clots could occur for several months after surgery and most happened after patients had left hospital. The risk appeared higher after more extensive operations, including lymph node surgery and total penectomy, and among patients undergoing several procedures during their treatment.
The study also found differences between specialist centres in the way blood clots are assessed and prevented. This matters because patients may currently receive different types or durations of preventative treatment depending on where they are treated.
The findings will help specialist teams develop a more consistent and personalised approach. This could include clearer risk assessments, better information for patients and longer courses of blood-thinning medication for those most likely to benefit.
Mr Arie Parnham, Consultant Urological Surgeon at The Christie and co-author of the study, said “Blood clots after penile cancer surgery are uncommon, but they can be serious and may develop after a patient has returned home. This research gives us better information about when the risk is greatest and which patients may need additional protection. It will help us tailor care more carefully, improve the advice we give patients and make recovery after surgery safer.”
The research was carried out through the UK Penile Cancer Network, which brings together specialist centres across the country to share expertise, improve consistency and strengthen care for people affected by this rare cancer.